🏙️ Manila

Philippines · Population 1,846,513 · Elevation 16 m · Airport MNL

Volcanic Risk Profile

Metro Manila is bracketed by two of Southeast Asia's most powerful volcanoes: Taal (70 km south) and Pinatubo (95 km north). Both have produced ash falls in the capital within recent memory. NAIA (Manila airport) has been closed by ash from both volcanoes — most recently by Taal in January 2020.

Nearby Active Volcanoes

🌋 Taal Volcano70 km away

View live Volcash score and eruption history →

🌋 Mount Pinatubo95 km away

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Distance from city center to Taal Volcano crater: 66 km (great-circle).

Notable Eruptions Affecting Manila

1991

Pinatubo

VEI-6, second-largest eruption of the 20th century; 1.5 cm ash deposit in Manila; 850 deaths nationwide; global cooling 0.5 °C.

2020

Taal

VEI-4 phreatomagmatic eruption Jan 12; NAIA closed 36 hours; 376,000 displaced; ash reached Quezon City.

2022

Taal

Phreatic eruptions; alert level 3; sulfur emissions caused metro health advisory.

Evacuation & Civil Protection

PHIVOLCS issues alert levels 1–5. Metro Manila Disaster Risk Reduction Council (MMDRRMC) activates on Level 3+. Designated shelters at Rizal Memorial Coliseum, Marikina Sports Center.

Health & Air Quality

DOH (Department of Health) advisories trigger free mask distribution. Lung Center of the Philippines runs the long-term volcanic-PM exposure registry.

Current Conditions

View real-time volcanic ash levels for Manila on the interactive 3D map.

Check Live Volcash Score →

Activity Safety Thresholds

Volcash score limits beyond which each activity is no longer recommended for Manila residents:

Running≤ 50

3–5× breathing volume

Cycling≤ 50

High respiratory load

Hiking≤ 50

Mountain ash accumulation

Children outdoors≤ 30

Higher intake per body weight

Driving≤ 150

Visibility-limited

General outdoors≤ 100

Walking, shopping, commuting